London Borough of Enfield

The eastern marshes area in 1750, from A History of Enfield, Vol 1 (Pam)

Many of the streets in the list come from the Enfield Society’s street guide: http://www.enfieldsociety.org.uk/streetnames.htm

Others derive from the various Conservation Area guides issued by the London Borough of Enfield.

Abbotshall Avenue, N14
Aberdare Road, EN3
Acacia Road, EN2
Adelaide Cottages
Aden Road, EN3
Albany Road, EN3

ALDERMAN’S HILL

An 18th century house called Cullands Grove stood near to the present-day junction of Harlech Road and Conway Road. The estate was bought in 1787 by Alderman Sir William Curtis, after whom Alderman’s Hill is named. The 18th century house was a classical brick “box” with flanking wings, to which George IV was a frequent visitor. Following Curtis’s death in 1829, the estate was sold to John Donnithorne Taylor of Grovelands. Cullands Grove house was pulled down c.1840 and the grounds became part of Grovelands Park.

The intention of the developers to maintain the exclusivity of the residential neighbourhood is reflected in a letter received in July 1905 by the Council from W. J. Edwards, who had been informed that it was proposed to build shops on Alderman’s Hill on the British Land Company’s estate. He hoped that the Council would “do all in its power to prevent this step”. Notwithstanding the objection, work soon began on two blocks of shops with flats above, facing the park, originally known as Broomfield Park Parade. They are almost identical to those at Southgate Green, Muswell Hill Broadway and Winchmore Hill Broadway by the same developer, James Edmondson and Son of Highbury. Edmondson was one of the leading builder-developers of suburban north London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The firm was responsible for extensive residential estates in Muswell Hill, Crouch End, Winchmore Hill and Southgate. Meadway Estate, just north of Southgate Circus, was developed by Edmondson during the 1920s.

ALEXANDRA ROAD
In existence by 1909. Named after Queen Alexandra. An adjoining street is called King Edward’s Road.
ALLANDALE ROAD
This road appears on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map but no houses had yet been built. The first houses were occupied in 1901. The eastern end, where it joins Putney Road, was originally named Waverley Road. Allandale is a small village in Northumberland.
ALLENS ROAD
First houses were occupied in 1901.
ALLISON’S ALLEY
Situated on the west of Baker Street, close to Bell Road (K. 1899).
ALMA ROAD
Land was purchased here for the Enfield Waterworks in 1855. The road is clearly marked on the 1867 0.S. The Battle of the Alma, one of the opening encounters of the Crimean War, was fought in 1854.
ALMSHOUSE LANE
Leading north from Turkey Street to Crowe’s Almshouses.
ALPHA ROAD
It appears on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map Probably built C. 1893/4.
ANDERSON’S YARD
A group of exceptionally squalid cottages situated on the west side of Baker Street approximately opposite Churchbury Road (G.B.H.). The name probably derives from Edward Anderson, a carrier with a business in Baker Street (K. 1845). They were demolished in 1960.
ARMFIELD ROAD
Laid out by 1909. The Armfield Road Hall was opened in September 1909.

ARNOS GROVE

During the 16th century, the monastic lands surrounding Southgate village centre were divided into several substantial estates, belonging to aristocratic and merchant families. The two most significant were Arnolds (later Arnos Grove) and Minchenden. Arnolds occupied land to the west side of Cannon Hill. Minchenden included much of the south side of Waterfall Road. A third estate in the area to the south west of the village was Beaver Hall, formed in the eighteenth century out of land belonging to Arnolds.

The present Abbotshall Avenue extends across the historic boundaries of the Minchenden and Beaver estates.

Arnolds was part of the former Charterhouse estate. It was acquired by the Colebrook family in 1719 and renamed Arnos Grove. The original house on Waterfall Road was replaced by a new mansion of c1720. A wing designed by Sir Robert Taylor was added in 1775. The seventeenth and eighteenth century mansion survives, much altered. In 1777, the estate was sold to Isaac Walker (of the brewers Taylor Walker). Minchenden was named after the Clerkenwell nunnery that held the land before the Reformation. By 1715 it had passed to the Brydges Dukes of Chandos, and became one of their principal seats. Beaver Hall was built c1765 for Mr. Berens, a city merchant. The house was almost certainly also designed by Sir Robert Taylor. Both Minchenden and Beaver estates were subsequently acquired by the Walker family of Arnos Grove and their mansion houses demolished: Minchenden in 1854 and Beavers in 1870. The Walkers have been described as creating a “private green belt” around Arnos Grove, and as a result, unlike similar parts of suburban London, there was almost no late nineteenth century development in the area.

ASHFIELD PARADE (1933)

Further parades of shops with offices and flats over, in a standard 1930s semi-Georgian or mock-vernacular style, were built at about the same time as the station around the new station concourse in Crown Lane and Ashfield Parade. Opposite the station to the east, the elliptical shape of the boundary of Queen Elizabeth’s Lodge dictated the plan form of The Broadway, an idiosyncratic tall curved parade between The Bourne and Winchmore Hill Road; another 1930s group, Dennis Parade, faces it at the north-west end of Winchmore Hill Road. Streets of speculative housing development completed the transformation, filling up the rest of the grounds of The Lawns west of the station.

ASHTON ROAD
Plans for building four cottages were submitted in 1889 (R.B. 19.9.1889). The road is shown partly built on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map

AYLAND GREEN
A small triangular green formerly at the junction of Millmarsh Lane and Stockingswater Lane (E.A. 1806). An alternative spelling is Aland Green (T.M. 1754).
BAKER STREET
So-called in 1754 (T.M.) However Rocque’s map of Middlesex, also of 1754, calls it Beaker Street. It was known as Bakers Street in 1572 (S.). There is also a Baker Street in Potters Bar.
BARTRAMS LANE
Called Windsor Road on the 1896 0.S. The present name derives from Bartram Quash, a nearby patch of woodland.
BATLEY ROAD
The present name was acquired in 1909. It derives from Jonathan William Battley who lived at Laurel Bank on the South side of Lancaster Road (K.1867). It was previously known as Blossom’s Alley. In 1850 the only sanitation was in the form of an open ditch (G.B.H.) The name of Blossom probably derives from Robert Blossom, the first of the four husbands of Agnes Myddleton who founded a chantry in St. Andrew’s Church in 1471. The chantry foundation later developed into Enfield Grammar School.
BAXTER’S YARD
A group of cottages situated off Baker Street probably somewhere in the Gordon Road/Churchbury Road area. In 1870 they were reported to be in an advanced stage of dilapidation. They were owned by Ebenezer Gibbons. (R.B. 23.9.1870). One Henry Baxter was in business as a grocer and cheesemonger in Baker Street in 1845.
BEACONSFIELD ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1902. The portion between Rotherfield and Uckfield Roads was first occupied in 1904 and until 1909 was known as Heathfield Road. The Ordnance Road end is very much older. It is marked on the 1867 0.S. and was called Alma Road. The name suggests a date of C. 1855. Most of the roads in this vicinity have names ending in ‘field’. See also Catisfield Road, Rotherfield Road, Titchfield Road, Uckfield Road and Chesterfield Road.
BEDFORD ROAD
This road was in existence by 1887 when it was reported to be suffering from inadequate drainage (R.B. 23.6.1887). It is marked on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map
BEECH HILL
The name derives from Beech Hill Park whose northern boundary it forms. The road was called Beech Hill in 1851 (Ce.). The names Beech Hill and Camlet Way were used indiscriminately.
BELL LANE
Originated as a cart track giving access to Eastfield from the Hertford Road. Houses had been built by 1871 (Ce.). In 1878 drainage problems gave rise to insanitary conditions (R.B. 22.11.1878). The name derives from the adjacent Bell P.H. It was sometimes called Bell Road.
BELL ROAD
The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road laid out but still un-named and with no houses. The first houses were occupied in 1903. The name derives from the Old Bell P.H. in Baker Street.
BERT WAY
Built 1914. An unusually uninspired piece of naming.
BERTRAM ROAD
Shown, partly built, on the 1896 0.S.
BIRKBECK ROAD
The Birkbeck Estate was developed by the Birkbeck Freehold Land Society. General plans were submitted in 1878 (R.B. 6.12.1878). Plans for houses in Birkbeck Road were submitted in 1880 (R.B. 13.5.1880). The road is shown partly built on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map There were problems with jerry-building on this estate.
BONNET’S YARD
A group of cottages situated on the west side of Baker Street near Churchbury Road. The cottages were regarded as a health hazard in 1850 (G.B.H.). In 1872 they were condemned by the Enfield Local Board of Health (R.B. 28.3.1872). The name probably commemorated a former owner.
BOTANY BAY
The name appears on Greenwood’s map of Middlesex (1829). The settlement grew up after the enclosure of Enfield Chase in 1777. The name is obviously an ironic allusion to its remote situation. (Botany Bay, Australia, was discovered by Captain Cook in 1770 and the convict settlement was founded in 1788).
BRADLEY ROAD
Plans were submitted in 1878 (R.B. 18.1.1878). The developer was a Mr. Henry Bradley of no 51, Bishopsgate. Whatever else Mr. Bradley may have been, no-one can accuse him of being self-effacing.
BRECON ROAD
Laid out by 1909 but no houses had been built by 1914 (0.S.). The area was not built up until after World War I. See also Aberdare Road, Glyn Road and Swansea Road.
BRICK LANE
So-called on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map It is mentioned (but not named) in the Enclosure Award of 1809. The name is a reminder of the many brickworks formerly in East Enfield.
BRIDGENHALL ROAD
Plans were submitted in 1878 for two villas to be built in what was then known as Bridgen Road (R.B. 16.8.1878). The road appears on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map under the name of Morley Road. It had acquired its present name by 1899. The name derives from Bridgen Hall which stands at the junction of Russell Road and Hallside Road. It was the home of William Bridgen, Lord Mayor of London in 1764.
BRIGADIER AVENUE
The road was under construction in 1907 and the first houses were occupied by 1908.
BRIGADIER HILL
The name was in use by 1850 (G.B.H. and C.1851). The name was sometimes applied to parts of Phipps Hatch Lane and Cocker Lane. Brigadier Hill House occupied the site of St. Luke’s Church (U.S. 1867). In 1722 a Brigadier Franks was living in a house on Enfield Chase (P.R.O.: DL9/22).
BRIMSDOWN AVENUE
First occupied in 1899. The name of Brimsdown/Grimsdown derives from a field formerly situated to the north of Green Street.
BRODIE ROAD
Part of the Cedars Estate. Plans for two houses were submitted in 1888 (R.B. 6.6.1888).

BROOMFFIELD AVENUE

Lot six in a 1902 sale was five acres adjoining the railway line which sold for £5,050. This plot became the northern section of Broomfield Avenue. Despite its name, it was separated from the historic parkland by the former gravel pits and, in both date and architectural character, the development may be regarded as part of the Lakes Estate.

R.F. and W. Peachy were wholly responsible for the development of Broomfield Avenue and had applied for permission before 1904; in that year, they applied only for amendments. This building company is, alone among the area’s early developers, still in business (2014) at Orchard Place, Tottenham. One of its directors recalled in 1998 that RF Peachey started “on his own account as a bricklayer in around 1879…” He was subsequently joined in business by his sons.

BROWNING ROAD
Formerly known as Cocker Lane. This name appears on the 1754 Tithe Map and on the 1777 Chase Enclosure Map. The name Browning Road was in use by 1892 (R.B. 2.6.1892). It derives from the family of one Richard Browning who lived on Brigadier Hill (K.1845). The name Browning was originally only applied to the section between Lancaster Road and Phipps Hatch Lane. The section between Phipps Hatch and Clay Hill retained the name Cocker Lane until 1908.
BULLS CROSS
So-called in 1754 (T.M.). The name probably derives from a former wayside cross. It was known as Bulls Cross Lane in 1572 (S.)
BULLSMOOR LANE
Called Belsmoor Lane in 1754 (T.M.)
BURLEIGH ROAD
Part of the Moat House Estate bought by the Conservative Land Society C.1854. The road had been laid out by 1867 (Ordnance Survey map). The first houses were not occupied until 1901. See also Queens Road and Stanley Road.
BURLINGTON ROAD
Part of the Woodlands Estate. Plans for eighteen cottages were deposited in 1883 (R.B. 2.3.1883).

BUSH HILL PARK

Bush Hill Park is situated approximately 0.75km to the south east of Enfield town centre, immediately to the west of the branch line from Edmonton Green to Enfield Town, on the boundary between the historic parishes of Enfield and Edmonton. It forms part of an extensive residential suburban area between the local centres of Edmonton and Enfield Town.

As originally conceived, the Bush Hill Park Estate straddled the Edmonton- Enfield railway line, with artisan housing to the east and larger, more prestigious properties intended for the middle class to the west.

Bush Hill Park is essentially a creation of the later 19th and early 20th centuries, built on farm land that had formed part of an estate centred on Bush Hill Park House, a country house situated 0.5km to the west of the present day Conservation Area, overlooking the New River and first mentioned in 1671. The estate changed hands several times during the 18th century and reached its greatest extent under the ownership of William Mellish (d.1839), a merchant and MP for Middlesex, when it became the third largest in the parish, covering 438 acres. After passing through several hands, the estate was broken up in 1875, with the 373 acres now known as Bush Hill Park being bought by the North London Estates Company, a speculative development company. Bush Hill Park House itself was sold separately and demolished in 1929.

Initially, the North London Estates Company was slow to develop the land. However, the building of Bush Hill Park station in 1880 on the existing Great Eastern Railway branch to Enfield Town provided an impetus for development. The first phase took place between 1880 and 1886 and was divided into a prestige development in Village Road and along the north east side of Private Road and more modest, but still substantial, houses on the west side of Wellington Road, the south side of Queen Anne’s Place and the north side of Dryden Road. Most of the earliest houses were designed for the company by R. Tayler Smith, although, in Private Road and Village Road, some houses were individually designed by privately-commissioned architects.

As this was a development on virgin land, the North London Estates Company was also responsible for laying roads, building drains and sewers and providing a water supply. This was done to a high standard, with a well, reservoir, water tower and pumping plant in Quaker’s Walk providing piped water from the start. Bricks for the development were made on site, using a deposit of brick earth found at what are now Bagshot and Amberly Roads to the south east of the Conservation Area.

A second phase of development was rather different to the first, consisting of smaller, more closely packed semi-detached houses that may reflect a lack of demand for the original large, high status residences.

Despite this, these later houses are of above average quality and large detached houses continued to be built on the south side of Dryden Road.

Between 1914 and 1960, development was restricted to limited infilling of the remaining plots. More radical change came after 1960, when most of the larger properties in Village Road, at the south end of Wellington Road and the north side of Private Road, were demolished and replaced by blocks of flats. As a result, most of the first class houses of the estate have been lost. Designation as Conservation Area in 1987 halted such redevelopment.

BYCULLAH AVENUE
The Bycullah Estate developed from 1878. Bycullah Avenue is marked on an auctioneer’s plan of 1888. It is possibly the road referred to in 1880 as Avenue Road (R.B. 13.5.1880).
BYCULLAH ROAD
The first plans for the Bycullah Estate were deposited in 1878 (R.B. 1.11.1878). The developer was Mr. Culloden Rowan. (See Rowantree Road and Culloden Road). The name derives from Bycullah House, part of whose grounds it once formed. Bycullah is a suburb of Bombay. Col.J. R. Riddell who died at Bycullah House in 1825 was a former Indian Army officer.
CAMLET WAY
So-called on the Enfield Chase Enclosure Map of 1777. The name derives from Camlet Moat which lies to the south of Hadley Road. The western end of Camlet Way near Hadley Common was sometimes referred to as Hadley Gate (Ce. 1851).
CANONBURY ROAD
Shown partly built on the 1896 0.S. The site was previously occupied by the Cannon Brewery.
CARR’S LANE
The name derives from William Carr, an early 19th century owner of Chase Park,- a house formerly standing to the south of Windmill Hill. It formed part of the drive to Old Park from the foot of Windmill Hill. See also Old Park Avenue.
CARTERHATCH LANE
‘Hatch’ clearly refers to a former gate. The road was also known as Potash Lane and is so-called in an auctioneer’s catalogue of 1787. A Potash House is marked on Rocque’s map of Middlesex (1754). In 1572 it was known by its present name, but was, also known as Syms Lane (S.).
CARTERHATCH ROAD
Plans for twelve houses were deposited in 1890 (R.B. 8.5.1890). The 1896 0.S. shows the road laid out but with only a few houses at the Hertford Road end. It partly follows the alignment of an early road called Pigot’s Lane (T.M. 1754). This, from being a fully fledged road, had degenerated into a farm track by 1867.
CAT HILL
This road is mostly in East Barnet. The present name derives from the Cat P.H. which formerly stood at the foot of the hill. It was sometimes known as Belmont Road (R.B. 7.3.1876). Belmont was a large house standing in the angle between Cat Hill and Cockfosters Road.
CATHERINE ROAD
Plans were submitted for two houses in 1891 (R.B. 30.4.1891).
CATISFIELD ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1901.
CATTLEGATE ROAD
So-called in the Enclosure Award of 1806. The name derives from Cattle Gate, a former gate to Enfield Chase, situated at the junction of Cattlegate Road and Cooper’s Lane Road. The gate derived its name from Cathale Priory, an obscure religious foundation on the border between Enfield and Northaw. (See East Herts. Archaeological Society Trans., Vol VI, pp. 90-7). The eastern end of the road was sometimes known as Crews Hill (Ordnance Survey map 1867).
THE CAUSEWAY
Originally in Enfield but transferred to Potters Bar in 1924. The name was in use in the eighteen-seventies (R.B. 27.2.1872). The name suggests that the roadway was raised to prevent flooding. The area certainly suffered from bad drainage. The road was sometimes known as Chequers Lane (K.1924) from the Chequers P.H. See also Cooper’s Lane.

CAVERSHAM AVENUE (1908)

The north side of Fox Lane formed part of the Clappers Farm Estate, which was not sold for development until 1908. This allowed for the purchase of land for the Congregational Hall (1909) and Church (1913) and Southgate County School (1910), and for more housing.

CECIL AVENUE
The first houses were occupied in 1901.

CECIL ROAD
Part of the Enfield New Town development. The National Freehold Land Society bought the land in 1852 and commenced building a year later (A.C.). All the streets were named after Elizabethan worthies. (See also Essex Road, Raleigh Road and Sydney Road). Cecil Road originally comprised the section between London Road and Raleigh Road. The section between Raleigh Road and Church Street was proposed in 1900 (A.C.). and laid out by 1901. It was originally intended to name the section between Church Street and the Town Park gates, Chase Side Avenue (A.C. 1900).

The function of Cecil Road, which forms the southern and western boundary of this character area, has changed considerably since it was laid out in the 1850s. Originally a cul de sac (terminating in open land as Essex Road does now), and part of the New Town grid, it was built up on both sides by the end of the century. With the demolition of Chase Side House, the road was extended to join the western end of Church Street in 1900. The Enfield Central Library, a Carnegie library in English baroque style, was built in 1912, the intention originally being for a major civic development on the site. The library was given a bold and elegantly simple extension in 2010, with an entrance from re-landscaped Library Green, and a well-detailed stone façade to Cecil Road, which complements the original library frontage.

CEDAR AVENUE
The road was laid out by 1907. The 1914 Ordnance Survey map shows the road with no houses yet built. It was originally called Cedar Road.
CEDAR ROAD
Originally called Cemetery Road. Lavender Hill Cemetery was opened in 1872. A building notice was submitted for some cottages in 1879 (R.B. 25.7.1879).
CEDAR PARK ROAD
Part of the Cedars Estate, built on land formerly belonging to a large house called the Cedars on Brigadier Hill. Work commenced about 1888 when a water main was laid (R.B. 27.9.1888). The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road only partly built.
CHALK LANE
Marked on the 1777 Chase Enclosure Map, but not named. The name appears on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map The origin of the name is obscure as the subsoil consists of clay and gravel, but no chalk.
CHAPEL STREET
Formerly known as Love’s Row. It was a very unhealthy neighbourhood suffering from bad drainage and water supply (G.B.H. 1850). There was an outbreak of cholera here in 1866.
CHARLES STREET
Part of the Cardigan Estate. Plans for twenty houses were submitted in 1892 (R.B. 18.2.1892).
CHASE COURT GARDENS
The first houses were occupied in 1909. The name derives from Chase Court, a house formerly standing in Chase Hill.
CHASE GREEN AVENUE
Plans for a house were submitted in 1881 (R.B. 2.6.1881). In 1888 some building plots were sold (A.C.).
CHASE HILL
This was originally a more important road than today, stretching right through to Chase Green. The eastern end was obliterated by the Cuffley extension of the Great Northern Railway, opened in 1910. It was sometimes known as Harrison’s Lane (R.B. 8.4.1886). Daniel Harrison, J.P. (1801-73) lived at Chase Hill House.
CHASE RIDINGS
Part of the Uplands Park Estate. A water main was laid in 1885 (R.B. 2.1.1885). The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows houses at the Slades Hill end.
CHASE SIDE
So-called because it formed the eastern boundary of Enfield Chase. (Chase Side, Southgate formed part of the western boundary). The northern end was sometimes known as the Holly Bush after the public house of that name (G.B.H. and Ce. 1851). In 1572 it was known as Little Woodside (S).

Until the late 19th century, Southgate was thinly populated. Much of the land formed part of large private estates, Grovelands and Arnos being the largest, and the owners preferred to keep the area rural rather than selling land for housing. Early railways did not serve Southgate because its hilly terrain would have made construction expensive, until the Great Northern extension in 1871 brought a station to nearby Palmers Green. Suburban development first began west of Southgate Circus, as mostly smaller houses and cottages with a few larger houses in Chase Side.

CHASE SIDE CRESCENT
Formerly known as Union Road (R.B. 7.3.1876) and Infirmary Road (K. 1914). Both these names reflect the Poor Law origins of St. Michael’s Hospital.
CHASEWOOD AVENUE
First occupied in 1909.
CHESTERFIELD ROAD
Contemporary with the school, opened in January 1897.
CHESTNUT ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1903.

CHURCH LANE
So-called in 1841 (Ce.). It is marked on the Enclosure Award Map of 1806. It adjoins St. Andrew’s Churchyard and Vicarage.
CHURCH ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1901. The name reflects the close proximity of St. Matthew’s Church, built in 1878.

CHURCH STREET

Church Street was sometimes referred to as High Street. The present name reflects the proximity of St. Andrew’s Church.

Church Street is relatively strong in literary associations. Charles (1775-1834) and Mary (1764-1847) Lamb lived at Lamb Cottage and are buried in the churchyard; their memorial is one of the few that is cared for. John Keats (d 1821) was apprenticed to a surgeon in 1810 in a house on the north side of Church Street, replaced in 1931 by the extant shop which carries a plaque in commemoration.

By 1656, Enfield Town had spread westward along Church Street as far as The Chase, northward along Silver Street, and south along London Road, but many of the large houses of this period were later demolished.

CHURCHBURY LANE
Made up from an old field track (E.A. 1806). The name derives from Churchbury Field which adjoined it on the west. An alternative name was Cherry Orchard Lane, deriving from the orchards that formerly lined the road.
CHURCHBURY ROAD
Formerly known as Back Lane (R.B. 12.10.1893). A building notice for three cottages was lodged in 1879 (R.B. 18.12.1879).
CLARENCE ROAD
Under construction 1905. First houses occupied in 1906. Probably named after Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, the elder son of King Edward VII, who died in 1892.
CLAY HILL
So-called on the 1754 Tithe Map. The name was in use in 1572 (S.). The portion adjoining the Rose and Crown was also known as Bridge Street (S.). This name was still occasionally used in legal documents as late at the early 19th century.

The settlement of Clay Hill has its origins in the early medieval period. The first firm reference is to Cleyein in a document of 1214. An earlier reference in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1016 to Claeighangra may refer to this area, or to Clay Hill Farm in Tottenham. ‘Claeig’ is thought to refer to a person, rather than to clay. During the medieval and early modern period, the dominant feature in the area was Enfield Chase, a royal park, which had been emparked by 1140. The eastern boundary of the chase ran along Flash Lane, with a gate at the junction between Clay Hill and Theobalds Park Road.

By 1572, Clay Hill is described as a small settlement8. Early maps9 indicate that this settlement was scattered thinly to the east of the Chase along the spine road (which was originally known as Bread Street and then Bridge Street, before becoming Clay Hill) and consisted principally of small cottages. A significant early development was the building, between 1609 and 1612, of the New River, an artificial watercourse intended to supply London with clean drinking water.

CLIVE ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1903. Probably named after Lord Clive, the conqueror of Bengal.
CLIVE WAY
Originally known as Shepherd Road (K. 1911). Re-named Clive Way by 1914.
COCKFOSTERS ROAD
So-called on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map It was sometimes known as Southgate Road (R.B. 8.11.1872). It originally stretched as far south as the junction with Green Road. In 1935 Southgate Council re-named the stretch between Green Road and Cat Hill, incorporating it into Chase Side. (This area had been transferred from Enfield to Southgate in 1934). The change of name was carried out under pressure from the Post Office.
COLLEGE ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1910.
COLMORE ROAD
The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road in outline. It was occupied by 1899.
CONCORD ROAD
Built by 1909. Originally called Commercial Road.
CONICAL CORNER
So-called in 1851 (Ce.). The name obviously derives from the distinctive shape of this corner of Chase Green.
CONNOP ROAD
Six houses were under construction in 1889 (R.B. 30.5.1889). The Connop family were major landowners in East Enfield in the early 19th century.

CONWAY ROAD (1902)

The Minutes of Southgate UDC are incomplete before 1904, but a large number of applications to build on the Lakes Seate land are recorded for 1904 and 1905, in some cases for very substantial developments. W.J. Edwards applied for 94 houses in Ulleswater Road in March 1904; almost the whole street. Of other larger developers, Wilkinson Bros. gained permission for 22 houses in Derwent Road in May 1904, the New London and County Building and Estates Co. (Ltd) received permission for 42 houses in the same road (see Fig 6 below), and A. Lusher for 18 in Harlech Road the following September. W. Goring generally sought permission only for a few houses at a time, although he eventually built a substantial number in Fox Lane and elsewhere. Palmers Green Estate Company applied for a number of houses in Conway Road. Among the smaller builders during the same year, J. Davies obtained permission for a pair in Lakeside Road; T. Henderson for four houses in Lakeside Road; L. Parmiter for four in Fox Lane and T. Roadnight for a pair in Old Park Road.

COOPER’S LANE
Prior to 1924 this road was partly in Northaw and partly in Enfield. In that year the Enfield portion was transferred to Potters Bar. The road is marked on Morden’s Map of Middlesex (1695) under its present name. The area near the Chequers P.H. contained some very insanitary cottages (R.B. 19.8.1880).
COOPER’S LANE ROAD
Marked but not named on the Enfield Chase Enclosure Map of 1777. It had acquired its present name by 1806 (E.A.). At its southern end it links up with Cooper’s Lane.
CRADDOCK ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1909.

CRESCENT EAST and CRESCENT WEST
Originally called Crescent Road. A building lease was granted by the Duchy of Lancaster in 1882. Hadley Wood Station was opened in 1885. Houses were built between 1885 and 1896. It had been divided into Crescent East and Crescent West by 1911.

CRESCENT ROAD
Part of the Old Park Estate. Plans were submitted in 1880 (R.B. 24.6.1880). See also Old Park Road and Waverley Road.

CROMWELL TERRACE
A row of cottages situated off the west side of Baker Street, south of the junction with Lancaster Road. The cottages belonged to Ebenezer Gibbons (See Baxter’s Yard). Water was laid on to the cottages in 1879 (R.B. 30.5.1879). They were demolished in 1961.
CROSS ROAD
In existence by 1904.
CULLODEN ROAD
Part of the Bycullah Estate which was developed from 1878. It was named after Mr. Culloden Rowan, the developer. See Bycullah Road.
DERBY ROAD
Part of the Lincoln House Estate. Drains were laid in 1871 (R.B. 23.6.1871). Houses were under construction in 1872 (R.B. 30.8.1872). The road was probably named after the 14th Earl of Derby, prime minister 1852, 1858-9 and 1866-8.

DERWENT ROAD (1902)

One of the “Lakes Estate” roads laid out in 1902 by the British Land Company.

DOWNS ROAD
The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the Lincoln Road end laid out but with no houses built. The road was occupied by 1899.
DRAKE STREET
Part of the Laurel Bank Estate. The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road partly built with houses on the west side only. See also Laurel Bank Road. The road was probably named after Sir Francis Drake.
DRAPERS ROAD
A water main was laid in 1876 (R.B. 28.4.1876). The first houses were occupied by 1903. The land was formerly owned by Henry Draper who farmed on the Ridgeway (K. 1867).
DUCK LEES LANE
Called Duck Leys Lane in an auctioneer’s catalogue of 1787. The name reflects the low-lying and marshy nature of the ground.
DURANTS ROAD
Developed from 1888 when plans for one house were submitted (R.B. 5.8.1888). The road is named after Durants Arbor, a large house formerly standing on the south side of the Ride.
EAST CRESCENT
Shown partially built on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map
EAST LODGE LANE
Marked on the Enfield Chase Enclosure map of 1777. The name comes from East Lodge, a former Lodge of the Chase, which stands in the angle between East Lodge Lane and the Ridgeway. It was sometimes known as Red Lodge Lane (Ce. 1871).
EAST ROAD
Marked on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map It was sometimes known as East Street (Ce. 1871).
EASTFIELD ROAD
The road was built on part of East Field, one of the former common fields of Enfield. Work started on laying drains in 1872 (R.B. 2.8.1872). The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows houses on the north side only.
ELMHURST ROAD
Occupied by 1899.
ELMORE ROAD
The road was laid out in 1873 (R.B. 10.1.1873). Pigot’s Directory (1839) includes a Mr. W. C. Elmore who lived at Enfield Wash.
ENFIELD ROAD
In 1806 it was known as East Barnet Road (E.A.) and retained the name until 1932 when the present name was applied. The Southgate portion was re-named Bramley Road in 1934 after representations from the Post Office. (The Bramley family farmed at West Pole Farm). The road was also sometimes known as Chase Road (Ce. 1851).

ESSEX ROAD
Part of the Enfield New Town development commenced in 1853. See Cecil Road.

Enfield New Town is a clearly defined and compact sub-area of residential development from the second half of the 19th century, lying immediately south of the commercial centre. The area has an ‘island’ character deriving from its location and its varied, but entirely residential, character. There are three roads in the area; Sydney Road and Raleigh Road run north-south from Cecil Road, and are joined at their south end by Essex Road, which continues west to the gates of Town Park.

EVAN’S YARD A group of cottages situated off Baker Street near the Hop Poles (Ce. 1851). The cottages, owned by Ebenezer Gibbons, were reported to be in an advanced state of decay in 1877 (R.B. 6.7.1877). The name probably commemorated a former owner.

EVERSLEY CRESCENT

Building around Grange Park began again in the 1930s, with estates to the west of the railway line around Green Dragon Lane – now considerably widened – and Vera Avenue. Between the wars, Winchmore Hill became almost completely covered with semi-detached houses, but the only ones approaching the scale and quality of those in the Conservation Area are at Eversley Crescent.

FAIRFIELD ROAD
Plans for five houses were submitted in 1881 (R.B. ]7.3.1881).
FAIRVIEW ROAD
A water main was laid in 1885 (R.B. 19.9.1885).
FALCON ROAD
Plans for one cottage were submitted in 1885 (R.B. 19.9.1885). The name derives from the Falcon P.H. in South Street.
FALMER ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1902. Falmer is a village in Sussex.
FARR ROAD
The first house was occupied in 1904. A Richard Charles Farr had a building business in Chase Side in 1867.
FERNDALE ROAD
Under construction in 1891 when one of the houses was found to have defective drains (R.B. 17.3.1891). Ferndale is the name of a village in Glamorgan.
FERNY HILL
The Enfield Chase Enclosure Map (1777) shows a tract of land to the south of Hadley Road called Ferney Hills.

First Avenue, EN1

FLASH LANE

‘Flash Lane’ refers to a flash, or timber trough, in which the New River was carried over the top of the Cuffley Brook. Such an aqueduct, dating to the early part of the 19th century (and a scheduled ancient monument), still exists in Flash Lane, adjacent to the Conservation Area. The New River was re-routed in the mid 19th century, but part of the original course survives as a stream.

FLORENCE AVENUE
The first houses were occupied in 1908. The name is taken from Florence House which formerly stood in Chase Hill.

FORE STREET

The name Edmonton is of Anglo-Saxon origin, ‘Eadhelm’s Farm’. The ancient parish lies on the west side of the River Lea, astride the main road from London to Hertford and beyond, known in the medieval period as High Street, and certainly from the 16th century as Fore Street. Its historic centre was around the parish church of All Saints, just west of the junction of Church Street and Fore Street, and later around Edmonton Green at the junction, the area collectively being known as Lower Edmonton. This was in contrast to Upper Edmonton, about ¾ mile (1km) to the south and, by the 16th century, also a significant focus of settlement, where Fore Street crossed Pymmes Brook and formed a junction with Angel Road, now part of the North Circular Road. Fore Street was turnpiked in 1713 and has been variously improved since, although from 1923-4 it was superseded by the Great Cambridge Road as the principal north-south highway.

Development along Fore Street, around the two centres, was well in hand by the 17th century, appearing on John Ogilby’s map of 1675, ‘The Road from London to Barwick’ [Berwick].

FOREST ROAD
The 1896 0.S. shows the road laid out but with no houses built. The first houses were occupied by 1899.

FORTY HILL

Called Forty Green on Morden’s Map of Middlesex (1695). The names Forty Hill and Forty Greene were both in use in 1572 (S.).

The landscape history of Forty Hill begins in the Roman period, when Ermine Street, one of the principal Roman routes north from London, ran through the area. The existing lane, Bull’s Cross, north of Turkey Brook appears to perpetuate its line, but to the south there is a gap of some 4½ miles (7km) before the line is resumed by the A1010 in Tottenham. The most likely reason is that, during the medieval period, the rise of Enfield led to the main route north being diverted westwards to pass through the town.

The hamlets of Forty Hill and Bull’s Cross appear to have been founded during the medieval period. The name Forty Hill may be derived from the Forteye family, one of whom, Richard ate Forteye, is known to have had an estate in Enfield in the 14th century. The first known reference to Bull’s Cross is in 14655. Both, and the smaller settlement at Maidens Bridge, were well established by 1572.

Forty Hill became fashionable in the late 17th and 18th centuries as a country retreat for the middle and upper classes, prompting the building of a group of smart Georgian detached houses. These include Worcester Lodge, the Hermitage (both late 17th century), Elsyng Cottage (early 18th century), Longbourn (c.1720), Bridgen Hall (c.1750, now converted into flats), Waltham Cottage (late 18th century) and Forty Hill House (c.1800). Several large buildings from this period have been demolished. These were concentrated around Forty Green, and included Gough House (mid 18th century, demolished 1896-1913: remnants of Gough’s avenue of chestnut trees, an important landscape feature in the park, survive) and Adelaide House (pre-1828).

FOTHERINGHAM ROAD
Six houses were under construction in 1892 (R.B. 15.12.1892).

FOX LANE

Fox Lane is an old route between Palmers Green and Southgate9. It formed the northern boundary of the Old Park estate as offered for sale in 1902. It shares many of the townscape qualities noted elsewhere on the estate, but is evidently not part of the planned layout. It is somewhat wider and less regular than the streets laid out by the British Land Company. From the railway bridge at its eastern end, it winds gently up hill to a skew-bend near the County School, beyond which was the ancient hamlet of Clappers Green. As such, Fox Lane forms a historic and topographical boundary to the estate.

FYFIELD ROAD
Part of the New River Estate. The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road laid out but with no houses built. The first houses had been occupied by 1899.
GAMES YARD
A group of highly unhealthy cottages situated off Chase Side near the Holly Bush (G.B.H. and Ce. 1851). One George Game was in business as a poulterer in Baker Street in 1845.
GARFIELD ROAD
Plans for three cottages were submitted in 1888 (R.B. 18.1.1888). The name may have been derived from James Abram Garfield, president of the U.S.A., assassinated in 1881.
GARNAULT ROAD
Part of the Bridgen Hall Estate sold for building in 1868 (A.G.). It developed very slowly. Garnault Road was originally known as Avenue Road. Plans for three houses were deposited in 1886 (R.B. 30.6.1886). The present name derives from the Garnaults, a Huguenot family who owned Bowling Green House, the predecessor of Myddelton House.

GENOTIN ROAD
Originally known as Station Road (R.B. 10.10.1873).

GENOTIN TERRACE

Genotin Terrace was built in the early 1890s. This is an unusual – for this area – small-scale urban space, enhanced by its little front gardens; many properties are in office use, but the mixture with those remaining in residential use ensures a varied street scene and plenty of activity. Genotin Terrace has suffered many badly designed window and door changes, which detract from its overall pleasant character.

GENTLEMAN’S ROW

John Roque’s map of 1754 shows a nucleus of development around Enfield Green, commensurate with a small market town, with buildings along London Road, Silver Street and Gentleman’s Row. The path facing The Chase on its eastern side became known as Gentleman’s Row in the 18th century, when substantial brick villas began to be built to accompany the isolated timber framed houses along the path. With the enclosure of the Chase in 1803, the path became a through road and, throughout the 19th century, gradually became built up on both sides, with Chase Green as the only remnant of the Chase.

The present name is self-explanatory. The roadway was sometimes known as Archway Road (R.B. 21.2.1873) and also Archway Place (R.B. 7.3.1876). These both refer to the former Archway Tavern, now Archway House. The northern end was formerly known as Williams Place (K. 1899).

GILBERT STREET
Sometimes known as Gilbert Road. A building notice was submitted in 1877 (R.B. 20.4.1877). The name is possibly connected with Mark Gilbert who was an estate agent in Enfield Wash (K.1899).
GLEBE AVENUE
Plans for the road and sewer were deposited in 1880 (R.B. 13.5.1880). The road was built on former glebe land.
GLENVILLE AVENUE
Part of the Cedars Estate. Shown partly built on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map The Brigadier Hill end was originally called Avenue Road (K. 1899).
GLOUCESTER ROAD
Part of the Cedars Estate. The road is shown on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map but no house had yet been built. The first houses were occupied by 1899.
GLYN ROAD
The road had been laid out by 1905, but no houses were built until after World War I. All the roads on the estate are named after towns in South Wales. See also Glyn Road, Swansea Road, and Brecon Road.
GOAT LANE
So-called from the former Goat P.H. which stood at the junction of Goat Lane and Forty Hill.
GOLDSDOWN ROAD
The present name, acquired in 1903, derives from the name of a field that lay to the north of Green Street. In 1806 it was known as Watery Lane (E.A.). An auctioneer’s catalogue of 1775 calls it Lower Watry Lane. This is clearly derived from the marshy nature of the ground. The name Watery Lane was formerly used for Angel Road, Edmonton, a similarly low-lying area.
GORDON HILL
Shown in outline but not named on the 1867 0.S. In 1870 it was known as Conduit Road (R.B. 7.10.1870) from the former conduit supplied from a well at the top of the hill. It was later known as Upper Gordon Road (R.B. 2.3.1877). The present name appears on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map The name is derived from Gordon House which formerly stood on the east side of Chase Side.
GORDON ROAD
Part of the Gordon House Estate. In 1858 Gordon House had been demolished, the roads had been laid out and one house built. (See John Tuff – Historical Notices of Enfield, p. 212.) The Chase Side end was known as Lower Gordon Road to distinguish it from Upper Gordon Road (Gordon Hill). The Baker Street end was known either as Fighting Cocks Lane (Ce. 1851) or Gordon Lane (K. 1899). See also Halifax Road and Gordon Hill.

GOVERNMENT ROW

The regular terraces of Government Row overlook the vista to the lock, and the combination of this formal urban townscape with the Navigation and its grassy bank, trees, fishermen, swans and reflections in the still water gives a momentary impression of an 18th century Dutch landscape painting.

Where Government Row ends, the extensive former car park for The Rifles, between the River Lea and the Lea Navigation, is now closed and surrounded by hoardings. Although unattractive in itself, previously the car park did open up a contrasting wider view across to the taller RSAF buildings lining the east bank of the River Lea. The lock closes the immediate view of the Lea Navigation, with the 19th century Lock House and Lock Cottage and the former police station at the entrance to the RSAF site. This bridge provides a view eastwards into the RSAF site; across James Lee Square, the heart of ‘Island Village’, the clock-tower of the former machine shop is a focal point. The avenue leading into the Canal & Rivers Trust depot site (past the restored Lea House on the right) is an inviting green tunnel, with the vista closed by the cosy and rather domestic-looking red brick Lea Conservancy offices of 1907. The depot site is private, but this does not prevent appreciation of its surviving 19th century workshops which can all be seen from the eastern bank of the River Lea across the Lea Navigation. The former Rifles public house (originally the Royal Small Arms Hotel) is the southernmost building of the former RSAF site and marks the transition to a more rural part of the Conservation Area. The Rifles is currently derelict and boarded up, its roof timbers exposed by a major fire, and is a very unattractive intrusion into the southern part of the Conservation Area.

Northwards from the banks of the Lea Navigation, the last of the original Government Row cottages can be seen near the Tumbling Bay where they survive in some isolation.

The rear elevations of Government Row are highly visible, and the view from the River Lea riverside path, with the clutter of riverside back gardens and planting, the varied window sizes, and the modelling of rear extensions, is more visually varied and complex than that of the front elevations. The interest of the view across the river compensates for the relative dullness of the route along the east side of the Lea, as the now-converted drawing office buildings provide little visual interest at close quarters and railings fence off the water.

GRAEME ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1901. It was originally a cul-de-sac from Baker Street, but was later extended beyond Churchbury Lane.

THE GRANGEWAY
Part of Richard Metherell’s Grange Park Estate. (See the Chine.) The first properties were occupied in 1910.

The Grange Park estate took its name from Old Park Grange, also known as Pike’s Farm, one of the remnants of Old Park and based on a former hunting lodge. Old Park had been a royal park (formerly known as the Frith, or inner park, to distinguish it from the much larger Enfield Chase).

The focus of the park was an early 12th century motte and bailey on the site of the former Old Park House (now the Bush Hill Park Golf Club clubhouse). In 1650, the park occupied 553 acres south west of Enfield Town. By the end of the 17th century, it had been converted to farmland, having failed to revert to its former use after the Restoration. Pike’s Farm was demolished in 1913 for the development of the upper part of the new road Old Park Ridings.

GRANVILLE ROAD
In existence by 1911.

 

Green Dragon Lane, N21

GREEN ROAD
Prior to 1934 this marked the southern boundary of the Enfield portion of Cockfosters. It appears on an auctioneer’s plan of 1853. It was part of a scheme to develop the area bounded by Chase Side, Chase Road and Bramley Road. The scheme was not a success. No houses were built in Green Road until after World War I.
GREEN STREET
So-called in 1754 (T.M.). At its eastern end lay Ayland Green. It was known as Greene Streete in 1572 (S.).
THE GROVE
Part of the Uplands Park Estate. The road is shown in outline on the 1896 0.S. but no houses were occupied until 1909.
GROVE PLACE
Shown on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map
GROVE ROAD
In existence by 1867 (Ordnance Survey map).
GROVE ROAD WEST
Marked on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map This area suffered from bad drainage. It was sometimes known as Brace’s Alley (R.B. 16.10.1879).

GROVELANDS ROAD (1902)

The advantageous situation of the Old Park Estate, which benefited from being both close to Broomfield Park and Palmers Green station, justified building some of the largest and smartest houses in area, and demonstrated the exclusive character that it was hoped subsequent developments would maintain. The details of the sale of plots by the British Land Company to individual builder-developers do not survive, but, in line with common practice at the time and that of the British Land Company, the social and economic standing of the estate would almost certainly have been established by the conditions of sale. Such things as the building line, residential use, and minimum value or size of each property are likely to have been prescribed.

By 1908, Old Park Road, Grovelands Road and Broomfield Avenue were completely built up, along with the south side of Fox Lane and several blocks in Conway Road and Harlech Roads. The houses facing the park on Alderman’s Hill and the shops were also extant.

HADLEY ROAD
So-called in 1806 (E.A.). It was sometimes known as Barnet Road (Ce. 1871).

HADLEY WOOD

Hadley Wood is essentially the creation of Charles Jack, then the tenant of Beech Hill Park. This modest country estate was created in 1777 by Francis Russell, secretary to the Duchy of Lancaster, out of Enfield Chase, the royal deer park administered by the Duchy and enclosed (broken up into individual fields) in that year. Jack saw the potential of his estate to become an upmarket residential suburb, but to realise this, a good railway link to London was necessary. In 1880, Jack began negotiations with the Great Northern Railway, whose main line to the north had run through the estate since 1850, with a view to opening a new suburban station in Hadley Wood. Jack exchanged his lease with the Duchy of Lancaster for a building lease in 1884 and part-funded the construction of the new station, which opened in 18856. Thereafter, the estate – it is referred to as the ‘Beech Hill Estate’ in the 1891 census – was developed quickly; buildings were erected in Crescent East and the south side of Crescent West by 1896.

HALIFAX ROAD
Part of the Gordon House Estate. The road seems to have been developed in the early eighteen seventies. It is not listed in the 1871 census. In 1879 there was an outbreak of typhoid in this and adjoining roads. It was named after Sir Thomas Halifax who lived in Chase Side and was mentioned in the Enfield Chase Enclosure Act of 1777. See also Gordon Hill and Gordon Road.
HALSTEAD ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1901.

HARLECH ROAD (1902)

One of the “Lakes Estate” roads laid out in 1902 by the British Land Company.

This was the last street to be built up in the Conservation Area, and the group formed by numbers 13-23 was built after 1914. The plots here are slightly smaller than elsewhere on the estate, and most of the houses are terraced.

HARMAN ROAD
Part of the Cardigan Estate which was developed from 1892. (See under Charles Street.)
HARTINGTON ROAD
Built by 1896 (0.S.) It was probably named after Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, a leading figure in the Liberal governments of 1868-74 and 1880-85. The road was demolished in the mid sixties to make way for the Brigadier Hill Council estate.
HARWAY GREEN
Formerly situated off Mill Marsh Lane (T.M. 1754).
HAWTHORN GROVE
Part of the Birkbeck Estate which was developed from 1880. Plans for two cottages were submitted in 1884 (R.B. 19.7.1884). Many of the roads on the Birkbeck Estate were named after flowers. See also Acacia Road, Myrtle Grove, Lavender Road, Primrose Avenue, Rosemary Avenue, Violet Avenue and Woodbine Grove.
HEENE ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1901. Heene is part of Worthing, Sussex.
HERTFORD ROAD
Literally the road to Hertford. Alternative forms were Ware Road (R.B. 10.5.1870) and Waltham Road (R.B. 26.7.1872). It was not ‘officially’ called Hertford Road until 1910. Before 1910 it was known in its various parts as Enfield Highway, Enfield Wash and Freezywater. In 1572 Enfield Wash was known as Horsepoolstones Street and Enfield Highway was known as Cocksmiths End (S.).

A striking feature is The Crescent, 25 adjoining houses with lodges, erected between 1826 and 1851 as an unsuccessful speculation by a London solicitor

HIGHLANDS

Highlands is situated in Winchmore Hill, approximately 1¼ miles (2km) to the south west of Enfield town centre. It is a relatively small site of flat ground on the crown of a hill. Despite its comparatively elevated position, the area is not significant in the surrounding landscape, due to the shallow rise of the hill.

Highlands and South Lodge were built to house patients convalescing from contagious diseases, such as typhoid, scarlet fever and diphtheria. During the later 19th century, numerous purpose-built convalescent hospitals were constructed, reflecting public concern about the high number of cases of contagious diseases. In London, most were built by the Metropolitan Asylums Board, and housed patients from all over the capital.

The ideal location for such hospitals was in the countryside, where the air was clean – an important factor when recovering from respiratory conditions – and where the low density of population reduced the chance of patients passing on infections. At the same time, it was necessary to be close enough to London, and to a railway station, for patients to be transported easily. Chaseville Park, an area of farmland formerly part of the royal deer park of Enfield Chase, fitted these criteria perfectly and 31 acres of open land were purchased by the Metropolitan Asylums Board in 18844.

Highlands Hospital, originally named the Northern Hospital, was opened in 1887 and provided 512 beds housed in 17 pavilions5. Demand for isolation hospitals increased in 1889, when new legislation made the hospitalisation of patients with infectious diseases compulsory. Consequently, a second hospital, catering solely for the local population and originally called the Enfield Isolation Hospital, was built, opening in 1899. It subsequently also housed post-encephalitic patients suffering from the long term effect of the Spanish Flu epidemic during the First World War.

Enfield Isolation Hospital was extended to provide 200 extra beds in 1938. Both became general hospitals shortly after the Second World War and were nationalised in 1948, when their names were changed to Highlands and South Lodge. Between 1936 and 1947, the open land around the hospitals was developed, replacing the original rural setting with a sea of suburban housing.

The Enfield health authority announced its intention to close the hospitals in 1986 and medical services were run down in the 1990s. Most of the Highlands buildings were then converted into flats. South Lodge was demolished and replaced by a housing and retail development, the first phase of which was completed in 1994. Apart from the main building, summarily demolished after a fire, South Lodge had mostly consisted of single storey ward blocks.

The open area to the north of Pennington Drive, and the site of the South Lodge Hospital, were over built with blocks of flats and culs-de-sac during the major re-development and conversion of the site in the early- to mid-1990s.

HIGH STREET
So-called in 1851 (Ce.). It was occasionally referred to as Edmonton Road (Ce. 1871).
HOE LANE
So-called in 1754 (T.M.). The eastern end was sometimes known as Magpie Lane and the junction with the Hertford Road known as Magpie Corner (Ce. 1871 and R.B. 13.9.1872). In 1572 it was known as Hoo Lane (S.).
HOLLY ROAD
Plans for a pair of villas were deposited in 1889 (R.B. 16.5.1889). The road is shown partly built on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map
HOLLY WALK
So-called in 1851 (Ce.). In 1572 it was known as Church Way (S.).
HOLMWOOD ROAD
Plans for one house were submitted in 1891 (R.B. 16.7.1891). The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road partly built. An auctioneer’s plan of 1862 shows a proposed development approximately on the line of Holmwood Road. It was to be called Nursery Road. It was never built.
HOLTWHITE AVENUE
This road is marked in outline on an auctioneer’s plan of 1897 but is not named. The first houses were occupied in 1903.
HOLTWHITES HILL
Called Parsonage Lane Road in 1806 (E.A.). This name also appears on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map The present name derives from Thomas Holt White who lived at Chase Lodge which stood on the south side of the road. He died in 1841 and was buried at Harlow, Essex.
HORSE SHOE LANE
So-called in 1851 (Ce.). The name is derived from the Crown and Horseshoes P.H.
INGERSOLL ROAD
The road was laid out in 1873 (R.B. 10.1.1873). The name is probably connected with a Mr. Riley Thomas Ingersoll who was living at Enfield Highway in 1867. See also Riley Road.
IRELAND GREEN
An area to the south of South Street. So-called on Rocque’s Map of Middlesex (1754). See also Scotland Green.
JAMES STEET
Part of the Cardigan Estate which was developed from 1889. Some of the houses were jerry-built (R.B. 30.5.1889).
JASPER ROAD
The road appears on the 1867 0.S. It has recently been re-named Jasper Close.
JOHN STREET
Part of the Cardigan Estate which was developed from 1889.
KIMBERLEY GARDENS
Under construction in 1904. The first houses were occupied in 1905. Kimberley is a major centre of diamond mining in South Africa. The town played a major part in the Boer War which ended in 1902. (See also Mafeking Road and Ladysmith Road.) KING EDWARD’S ROAD The first houses were occupied in 1902, the year of the coronation of King Edward VII.
KINGSWAY
Built in 1908. It was originally called Station Avenue. The name was changed to Kingsway in 1910, doubtless a reflection of the enthusiasm felt about the approaching coronation of King George V.
KYNASTON ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1901. Kynaston is a village in Shropshire near Oswestry.
LADBROKE ROAD
Under construction in 1905. The first houses were occupied in 1906. Most of the road was in Edmonton.
LADYSMITH ROAD
Under construction in 1903. The first houses were occupied in 1905. Ladysmith is a town in South Africa which stood a long siege in the Boer War which ended in 1902. (See also Kimberley Road and Mafeking Road.) The road originally stretched only as far north as Sketty Road. It was extended to Carterhatch Lane in the thirties.

LAKES ESTATE

The Lakes Estate lies between Palmers Green and Southgate Green. It occupies a roughly rectangular site bounded by Fox Lane to the north, Alderman’s Hill to the south, the former Great Northern Railway Branch line from Wood Green to Enfield to the east and Cannon Hill to the west.

The Estate is a dense residential area, with a simple road layout consisting principally of a series of roughly parallel streets running southwards from the historic Fox Lane towards Alderman’s Hill. The houses are mostly closely-spaced Edwardian semi-detached pairs with some small terraces, invariably set slightly back from the road on a continuous building line. Alderman’s Hill is lined with parades of shops with flats above, with a group of early 20th century houses to the west.

The Lakes Estate is a recent name, deriving simply from the street-names: it does not have local historic significance. The land was previously known as Old Park, and formed the grounds of an 18th century house called Cullands Grove that stood somewhere near the present-day junction of Harlech Road and Conway Road. The name derived from the 16th century Gullands Grove, an area of woodland that then occupied the site.

LAKESIDE ROAD (1902)

The initial development of the Old Park Estate comprised houses of a consistent size and type. They were relatively large and up-market, designed to attract residents of a certain social and economic standing – or at least those who aspired to it. They were marketed at prices that would protect the social character of the neighbourhood. Before the First World War, many households would have included a live-in servant, but this was predominantly a neighbourhood of city commuters, of the growing middle class – people who had made some way up the social scale, and to the airy heights of Southgate, from Stoke Newington, Islington or elsewhere.

LANCASTER AVENUE
Part of the Beech Hill Park Estate, developed from 1882. The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road laid out but with no houses built. The land at Hadley Wood was formerly owned by the Duchy of Lancaster.

After Charles Jack died in 1896, the management of his estate passed to a Trust. This continued the building programme, completing the north side of Lancaster Avenue by 1914. Hadley Wood remained wholly residential at this time: there was no commercial centre, and community facilities were limited to St. Paul’s Church, opened in 1911. The restriction of the development to the immediate environs of the station reinforced the exclusive reputation of the area, attracting a superior class of resident.

A notable resident of the area in its early days was William Booth, the founder of the Salvation Army, who is commemorated by a LB Enfield blue plaque at 33 Lancaster Avenue, indicating that he lived there from 1903-1912. Two of his sons also lived in the area at the same period: Herbert at 53 West Crescent; and William Bramwell at 55 West Crescent and subsequently the Homestead, now 19 Crescent East.

LANCASTER ROAD
Originally known as New Lane (T.M. 1754). It was re-named Lancaster Road by the Enfield Local Board of Health 27.10.1887. (The Duchy of Lancaster held the Manor of Enfield).

LANDRA GARDENS
The northern end is shown on the 1914 Ordnance Survey map It had not yet been named and no houses had been built.
LANDSEER ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1904. It was named after the painter Sir Edwin Landseer (1802-72). (See also Millais Road, Poynter Road and Leighton Road. )
LAUREL BANK ROAD
Part of the Laurel Bank Estate. Plans were submitted in 1885 (R.B. 14.3.1885) by the Metropolitan Land Company. The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road laid out, but with no houses as yet. The name derives from Laurel Bank, a house formerly occupying the site. (See also Drake Street, Lea Street, Lynn Street and Walton Street).
LAURENCE ROAD
The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road under construction with houses on the east side only.
LAVENDER HILL
In 1806 it was known as New Lane Road (E.A.). By 1850 it was known as Lavender Hill (G.B.H.). An adjoining area, used for the cultivation of lavender, was known as the Lavender fields (G.B.H.).
LAVENDER ROAD
Part of the Birkbeck Estate. The road is marked on an auctioneer’s plan of 1887. Plans for one house were submitted in 1891 (R.B. 7.5.1891).
LAWSON ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1904.
LAYARD ROAD
Plans for a house in this road were rejected in 1893 because of inadequate water supply (R.B. 23.2.1893). The name is probably derived from Sir Austen Henry Layard (1817-94) a distinguished archaeologist.
LEA ROAD
Part of the Laurel Bank Estate. The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road partly built with only a few houses at the west end.
LEIGHTON ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1904. The road was named after Frederick, Lord Leighton (1830-96) an eminent painter and president of the Royal Academy. See also Landseer Road, Millais Road and Poynter Road.
LINCOLN ROAD
This road has been known by more names than any other in Enfield. Alternative forms include Ayley Croft Lane (Ce. 1851), Brick Kiln Lane (E.A. 1806), Brickfield Lane (A.C. 1869), Bungers Lane (T.M. 1752), Red Lane (A.C. 1847) and Joan Potter’s Lane (Teesdale Map 1842). The first and last of these are derived from the names of fields adjoining the road. It was known as Bungeys Lane in 1572 (S). The present name dates from 1870 (R.B. 7.10.1870). It was originally applied only to the eastern end of the road, developed 1870-72 as part of the Lincoln House Estate. The road was officially re-named Lincoln Road – from end to end on 20th June 1888 by the Enfield Local Board of Health.
LITTLE PARK GARDENS
Little Park, Gentlemans Row, was purchased in 1888 for £4000 by the Enfield Local Board of Health for use as offices. The grounds were developed as Little Park Gardens. Plans for five houses were deposited in 1888 (R.B. 27.9.1888).
LONDON ROAD
This was formerly part of the turnpike road to London maintained by the Stamford Hill and Green Lanes Turnpike Trust. It was called London Lane in 1754 (T.M.). This name was still in use in 1851 (Ce.). It had acquired its present name by 1871 (Ce.). In 1572 it was known as London Way (S.).
LYNN STREET
Part of the Laurel Bank Estate. The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road laid out but with no houses built as yet. The first houses were occupied in 1901.
MAFEKING ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1909. Mafeking is a town in South Africa which stood a long siege in the Boer War. (See also Kimberley Road and Ladysmith Road.)
MAIN AVENUE
Plans for four houses were submitted in 1880 (R.B. 28.5.1880). (See also the Avenues.)
MALVERN ROAD
The 1896 0.S. shows the road laid out but with no houses built. The first houses were occupied in 1901.
MANDEVILLE ROAD
Part of the Putney Lodge Estate which was sold for building in 1867 (A.C.). The road was partly built by 1871 (Ce.). The northern end was originally known as Mandeville Crescent. The Mandevilles were lords of the Manor of Enfield after the Norman conquest.
MANOR ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1901.
MARKET PLACE
Created in 1632 when the parish bought a house called The Vine, the site of which was adapted as a market place. See also Vine Lane.
MAXIM ROAD
Shown in outline of the 1914 Ordnance Survey map, but not yet named. It is probably named after Sir Hiram Maxim (1840-1916), the inventor of the Maxim gun.
MAYFIELD ROAD
Plans for four houses were submitted in 1880 (R.B. 5.6.1890).

MEADWAY (mid 1920s)

The Conservation Area is a short distance south east of Southgate Circus, with Meadway and its continuations as Greenway and Bourne Avenue linking Southgate High Street and Bourne Hill. On the north eastern side of Bourne Hill, Grovelands Park is the area’s immediate neighbour, with Southgate Cemetery providing another open space to the south west.

The area forms a quiet residential enclave of linked roads, announced on Southgate High Street by twin curved terraces of single storey shops acting as a gateway to the area (these are within the Southgate Green Conservation Area). There is a limited range of detached and semi-detached house-types, set in streets with planted verges. The planning, layout and architectural style of the Conservation Area are clearly influenced by the Arts and Crafts and Garden Suburbs movements. Few house designs are repeated exactly, but there is a wide range of architectural features and materials which, used in varying combinations, give many of the houses a family resemblance to one another.

When it was built, the development was set in relatively open countryside apart from sporadic development along Southgate High Street. The site was between the parkland of Grovelands (formerly owned by the Walker family) to the north east, and open land immediately on the fringes of Southgate village. This still shows as playing fields on the 1935 OS map, but is now housing and Southgate College’s sports ground. The former use accounts for the mature trees in the area’s western setting. Meadway and Bourne Avenue’s northern section dip with a natural fall in the land around the north-west corner of the central triangular green, so their role in the townscape is emphasised. A considerable number of rear garden trees on the west side of the area, many visible from the roads, have Tree Preservation Orders. There are views towards the open land and trees of Grovelands Park from Bourne Avenue, Parkway and Greenway.

The area around Meadway was the first of the developments on the Southgate House estate, 64 acres between Southgate High Street and the Bourne, which was sold after the death in 1922 of the last of the Walkers. The house and grounds were bought for a school, and the rest of the land by Edmondson’s, a Muswell Hill firm that had already built extensively in Winchmore Hill.

MEDCALF ROAD
Probably built in the early eighteen-sixties. It is marked on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map In 1867 Benjamin Medcalf was landlord of the Greyhound in Ordnance Road.
MEETING HOUSE YARD
A group of cottages formerly situated on the east of Baker Street adjoining the Baptist Chapel. The cottages were in a very bad state in 1850. There was no drainage whatever and some of the tenants were keeping pigs in the cottages (G.B.H.). This part of Baker Street has been associated with nonconformist worship since the late 17th century.
MERTON ROAD
Part of the Woodlands Estate, developed from 1883. The 1896 0.S. shows the road complete. It was originally called Melville Road, but acquired its present name in 1911.
MILLMARSH LANE
The road led from Green Street to Mill Marsh. Mill Marsh was so-called in 1754 (T.M.).
MILLAIS ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1901. It was named after John Everett Millais (1829-96), an eminent painter and president of the Royal Academy. See also Landseer Road, Leighton Road and Poynter Road.

MONTAGUE ROAD

The Montagu Road area was formerly known as Marsh Side, then as Jeremy’s Green Lane. The site of the current cemeteries was probably part of Polehouse Farm, in the manor of Polehouse, which was owned by the chapter of St Paul’s in 1412 and remained with the chapter until passed to the ecclesiastical commissioners in 1872. The manor house was to the east of Jeremy’s Green Lane. By 1600, there were still only a few farms and cottages at Marsh Side; a network of lanes in the 16th and 17th centuries connected only isolated farms in the area, which remained largely undeveloped until the mid-19th century, although neighbouring areas around nearby Fore Street attracted first the gentry, then wealthy traders9 to build houses.

MORLEY HILL
Part of the Birkbeck Estate. Plans for two houses were deposited in 1881 (R.B. 8.4.1881). Possibly named after John Morley (1838-1923), a leading Liberal politician.

MORTON CRESCENT

The Conservation Area forms part of a larger area of suburban housing developed largely during the 1930s on the former Arnos Grove estate, bounded by Waterfall Road, Cannon Hill and Arnos Park (the latter being part of the historic parkland retained as public open space). The whole area was laid out during the late 1920s on what was then open land, to form a very rough semi-circle of streets radiating north-eastwards from Morton Crescent and the adjacent gates to Arnos Park. The pattern of tree-lined streets and predominantly semi-detached houses is consistent throughout the neighbourhood. The topography of the area comprises low hills and shallow valleys.

MYRTLE GROVE
Part of the Birkbeck Estate. It appears on an auctioneer’s plan of 1887. The 1896 0.S. shows the road partly built.
NAGS HEAD ROAD
Plans for seven houses were submitted in 1890 (R.B. 3.7.1890). It forms an eastern continuation of Southbury Road which prior to 1882 was known as Nags Head Lane. See also Southbury Road.
NAPIER ROAD
The 1867 Ordnance Survey map shows the road laid out but with no houses built. It was probably named after Field-Marshal Lord Napier (1810-90), who played a leading part in the suppression of the Indian Mutiny.
NELSON ROAD
Part of the Falcon Estate developed from 1885. See Falcon Road. It was probably named after Lord Nelson.
NEW ROAD
Shown in outline on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map No houses had yet been built.
NORTHAMPTON ROAD
Plans were deposited for five houses in 1881 (R.B. 15.7.1881).
NORTHFIELD ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1911. The western part of the road was originally known as Rutland Road.
NUNNS ROAD
Formerly known as Manor House Road (K.1909).
OAK AVENUE
Built on land attached to Ridgeway Oaks which was sold for building in 1389 (A.C.). The plan shows Oak Avenue. The first houses were not occupied until 1907.
OAKHURST ROAD
Plans for ten houses were submitted in 1890 (R.B. 20.3.1890). The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road partly built.
OATLANDS ROAD
Plans were deposited for six houses in 1890 (R.B. 20.3.1890). The name was taken from Oatlands, a house on the east side of the Hertford Road marked on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map
OLD FORGE ROAD
The present name dates from 1930. It derives from the former forge that stood at the junction with Forty Hill. The forge is marked on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map and subsequent editions to 1914. Prior to 1930 the road does not seem to have had a name. No name appears on the Ordnance Survey map maps of 1867, 1896 and 1914 nor on the auctioneer’s plan of the Bridgenhall Estate of 1868.
OLD PARK AVENUE
The road had been laid out by 1913. It is on the line of one of the former drives to Old Park. See also Carr’s Lane.

OLD PARK RIDINGS
Part of the Grange Park Estate developed by Richard Metherell. (See The Chine.) The first houses were occupied in 1910. The area formed part of Old Park. The house survives as the Club house of Bush Hill Park Golf Club.

Pike’s Farm was demolished in 1913 for the development of the upper part of the new road Old Park Ridings.

OLD PARK ROAD
Plans were submitted for the Old Park Estate in 1880 (R.B. 24.6.1880). Old Park Road was in existence in 1806 as a private road giving access to Old Park Farm (E.A.). See also Crescent Road and Waverley Road.

Old Park Road was one of the earliest parts of the estate to be built, and it contains some of the best houses, comprising variations on the standard type, with a pleasing regular rhythm of frontages displaying a range of decorative treatments and a lively assortment of porches.

OLD ROAD
A section of the Hertford Road by-passed when a cut-off road was built probably C.1830. A plan for the work (undated) is in the possession of the L.B. of Enfield Libraries.

ORCHARD ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1906. The 1914 Ordnance Survey map shows the road only partly built.

ORDNANCE ROAD

Like Lincoln Road, it has been known by a great variety of names. In 1754 it was known as Marsh Lane (T.M.). In 1806 it was known as Welches Lane (E.A.). This name appears on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map The name Lock Lane appears on an auctioneer’s plan of 1867. An auctioneer’s plan of 1869 calls it Ordnance Factory Lane. The present name was in use by 1871.

The area later to become Ordnance Road was part of the manorial lands of Norris Farm. The manor itself was demolished in 1786. Although there had been a settlement at Enfield Lock since medieval times and probably long before, the marshy areas around the River Lea underwent very little development until the middle of the 19th century; the flat swampy land of the Lea Valley held only a string of hamlets – Ponders End, Enfield Highway, Enfield Wash and Turkey Street. Industry was centred on fulling and corn mills using water power.

OSBORNE ROAD
Plans for a pair of villas were submitted in 1889 (R.B. 2.5.1889). It was almost certainly named after Queen Victoria’s house on the Isle of Wight.

OXFORD CLOSE (1934)

By 1934, Crescent Cottages were re-built and renamed as Oxford Close, with a separate access from Oxford Road. The former nursery gardens to the rear of The Crescent had become allotments by that time. Subsequently, the housing at the corner of Hertford Road and Monmouth Road was demolished (presumably for road widening and sightline purposes).

OXFORD ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1909.
PAINTERS LANE
So-called in 1754 (T.M.). It was alternatively known as Pentrich Lane (R.B. 6.12.1867). Painters is almost certainly a corruption of Pentrich. The name Pentrich derives from the former Manor of Honylands and Pentriches.
PALACE GARDENS
Partly built by 1899. The name derives from the former Manor House (mis-named the Palace) on whose grounds it was built.
PALMER5 LANE
This was listed as a private road in the Enfield Enclosure Award of 1806. It has been known by a great variety of names. The plan for the Old Road diversion (C.1830) shows it as Troll’s Lane. In the 1851 Census it is called Old Red Lyon Lane. However in the General Board of Health report on Enfield (1850) it is called White Lion Lane. Both these names are derived from former public houses in Old Road. In 1873 it was known as Hall Lane (R.B. 14.2.1873). This name is probably connected with Hall’s Farm which was listed in Old Road in the 1871 Census.
PARK CORNER
A former name for the junction of Green Dragon Lane and Worlds End Lane. It appears on the Enfield Chase Enclosure Map of 1777 and the 1867 0.S. The name is clearly drawn from the adjacent Old Park Estate.
PARK CRESCENT
The first houses were occupied in 1914. The name is probably derived from the nearby Town Park, bought by Enfield U.D.C. in 1901.
PARK ROAD
Plans for one cottage were submitted in 1890 (R.B. 14.1.1890).
PARSONAGE LANE
So-called in 1754 (T.M.). The name is probably connected with the former Rectory (or Parsonage) Manor House which stood at the junction with Baker Street. It was sometimes known as Parson’s Lane (A.C. 1773). It was known by its present name in 1572 (S.).

PENNINGTON DRIVE

One of the most striking aspects of the area is the sense of surprise generated by coming upon a group of historic buildings in the midst of a modern housing estate. Tall, recently built flats on World’s End Lane block the original hospital entrance drive and screen the older buildings from the main road. The original hospital buildings are hidden along Pennington Drive, which bends sharply to the right, blocking inward views.

Once the corner of Pennington Drive has been turned, there is a marked change in character. The area then has a much more spacious feel, with the modern flats being replaced by widely-spaced, two-storey pavilions in an open park-like setting, grouped around the oval loop formed by Pennington Drive. Recent infill development around the fringes of this oval, much of which backs onto, or presents a side elevation to, the older buildings, creates a sense of enclosure and separation.

This sense of separation is reinforced by the way that the surrounding houses face away from the hospital buildings, blocking views into or out of the Conservation Area. Internal vistas are restricted to oblique views of individual buildings along Pennington Drive.

PERCIVAL ROAD
Part of the Salisbury Estate. Plans for nine houses were submitted in July 1885 (R.B. 30.7.1885) followed a month later by plans for seven shops (R.B. 14.8.1885).
PHIPPS HATCH LANE
The name recalls a former gate to Enfield Chase.
PIPERS YARD
A group of cottages formerly situated off Clay Hill (R.B. 11.12.1881). The name was clearly connected with either Little Pipers or Great Pipers (now Bramley House).
PLOUGH PASSAGE
A group of highly insanitary cottages situated off the Hertford Road opposite St. James’ Church. The drains had the unfortunate habit of overflowing on to the pavement (R.B. 15.12.1876). The name derived from a nearby public house. It was also known as St. Patrick’s Terrace (R.B. 2.7.1885). This is probably the same place as Patrick’s Row (G.B.H. 1850). The cottages were copyhold of the Manor of Enfield. In 1839 they were owned by one Charlotte Patrick.
POSTERN CORNER
A former name for the junction of Windmill Hill and the Ridgeway. It appears on the Enfield Chase Enclosure Map of 1777.
POYNTER ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1902. It was named after Sir Edward Poynter (1836-1919) a distinguished painter and president of the Royal Academy. See also Leighton Road, Landseer Road and Millais Road.
PRIMROSE AVENUE
This road was built in two halves. The Baker Street end was probably built in the early eighteen-sixties and was marked on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map as Canton Road. The Lavender Road end, called Primrose Avenue, was built as part of the Birkbeck Estate. Plans for a cottage were submitted in 1881 (R.B. 6.1.1881).
PRIVATE ROAD
Part of the Bush Hill Park Estate. The road appears on an auctioneer’s plan of 1878.
PUTNEY ROAD
Land belonging to Putney Lodge (situated on the east side of the Hertford Road) was sold for building in 1867 (A.C.). The road had been partly built by 1871 (Ce.).
QUEENS ROAD
Part of the Moat House Estate bought by the Conservative Land Society C. 1854. The 1867 Ordnance Survey map shows the road laid out but with no houses built. The first houses were occupied in 1901. See also Burleigh Road and Stanley Road.
QUEENSWAY
The eastern end of the road follows the alignment of a former cul-de-sac from Ponders End High Street known as Goat Lane. It was so-called in 1851 (Ce.). The name came from the Goat P.H. in Ponders End High Street.
RADCLYFFE AVENUE
Shown in outline on the 1914 Ordnance Survey map No houses had yet been built.
RALEIGH ROAD
Part of the Enfield New Town development commenced in 1853. See Cecil Road.
THE RIDE
The former drive to Durants Arbour. In 1754 it was called Durance Lane (T.M.).
RAYNTON ROAD
The 1896 0.S. shows the road complete. The name derives from Sir Nicholas Raynton who built Forty Hall in 1629.
THE RIDGEWAY
So-called on the Enfield Chase Enclosure Map of 1777.
RIDLER ROAD
The first houses were occupied by 1904. The name probably derives from Joseph Frederick Ridler who owned a butcher’s shop in Baker Street (K. 1899).
RILEY ROAD
A building notice for two houses was submitted in 1872 (R.B. 20.12.1872). See also Ingersoll Road.
RIVER FRONT
Plans for one house were deposited in 1892 (R.B. 18.2.1892). The name reflects the proximity of the New River.
RIVER VIEW
Originally called River Bank, it acquired its present name in 1912. It fronts on to the New River.
ROSEMARY AVENUE
Part of the Birkbeck Estate. It was originally a cul-de-sac from Lavender Road. Plans for one house were deposited in 1881 (R.B. 1.7.1881). The section linking up with Baker Street had been built by 1903 and was originally known as Montague Road.
ROTHERFIELD ROAD
The first houses were occupied 1904.
ROWANTREE ROAD
Part of the Bycullah Estate, developed from 1878. The road was named after Mr. Culloden Rowan, the developer.

ROYAL SMALL ARMS FACTORY (operational 1812 – 1988)

The RSAF was the principal source of rifles for the British Army throughout the 19th century. An arms factory first opened at Enfield Lock in 1804, and the assembling of muskets there started soon afterwards. Land was bought by the Board of Ordnance in 1812, the factory opened in 1816, and the finishing branch was transferred from Lewisham in 1816. The engineer John Rennie advised the construction of a navigable leat with its own millhead and tailrace between the two waterways, to provide improved waterpower and transport. By 1822, in addition to the mill, there were workshops, forges, proof-houses and stores. Workers’ housing – Government Row – was built along the river; there were sixty houses by 1841. A school was opened in 1846 and a chapel in 1857, and there was also a government -owned tavern, the Royal Small Arms Hotel, and two other nearby taverns, the Ordnance Arms and the Greyhound; the relative isolation of the site on Enfield’s eastern marshes and its need for security made self-sufficiency in housing, services and the provision of alcohol a great advantage. The Greyhound and its adjoining terrace (outside the Conservation Area) were built by 1866, and the date suggests an association with the factory, even though not built and owned by the government.

The factory remained modest until the 1850s, when the Crimean War demanded increased production. American rifles had been exhibited and admired at the Great Exhibition, and a machine shop based on American mass-production principles and with American-made machinery was installed in 1854-6. The workforce was increased to over 1,000 and, by 1860, an average of nearly 1800 rifles a week was being produced. A railway to connect to the nearby main line, and a canal from the Lea with a terminal basin next to the machine shop, improved the efficiency of transport links.

Another major expansion began in 1886, when the original watermill was replaced by steam-power; by 1887 there were 2400 employees. The famous Lee-Enfield rifle, which became the standard weapon for the army, was designed in 1895 and continued in production until the 1950s. The factory expanded again after the First World War, but declined after the Second World War, with half the site being closed in 1963 and the remainder in 1987.

Although new buildings have been added to the former RSAF site, those close to the older buildings complement their scale and preserve important views. The canal and its basin had been filled in while the factory was still in use, but the basin and part of the canal have now been re-instated as townscape features within the redevelopment which took place in 2001. The machine shop has been converted to a range of new uses, but retains its grand scale and essential architectural and historic interest.

RUSSELL ROAD
Part of the Bridgenhall Estate which was broken up for building in 1868. The name appears on the auctioneer’s plan. The first houses were occupied in 1903. The road was probably named after the prominent Liberal politician Lord John Russell (1792-1878).
ST. ANDREW’S ROAD
Part of the New River Estate. Plans for two villas were submitted in 1884 (R.B. 3.4.1884). The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows houses on the west side of the road only. Enfield Parish Church is dedicated to St. Andrew.
ST. GEORGE’S ROAD
Part of the Bridgenhall Estate. The road appears on an auctioneer’s plan of 1868. Plans for a pair of villas were submitted in 1886 (R.B. 30.6.1886).
ST. JAMES’ ROAD
This road is shown partly built on an auctioneer’s plan of 1881. The name probably derives from St. James’ Church in the Hertford Road.
ST. MARK’S ROAD
The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road partly built. St. Mark’s Church was built in 1893.
ST. STEPHEN’S ROAD
Part of the Prospect House Estate. In 1889 six houses under construction were found to have been built with bad mortar (R.B. 30.5.1889).
SALISBURY ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1903.
SANDER’S CORNER
A former name for the junction of Cattlegate Road and Theobalds Park Road. It appears on the 1867 0.S.
SARNESFIELD ROAD
Part of the Chase Side Building Estate. The road appears on an auctioneer’s plan of 1900. It had been built by 1901.
SAVILLE ROW
Marked on 1867 Ordnance Survey map The name is probably an ironic allusion to its more prestigious namesake in W1.
SCOTLAND GREEN ROAD
The name Scotland Green was in use by 1754 (T.M.). There is also a Scotland Green in Tottenham. See also Ireland Green. In 1572 a road known as Cranes Lane ran northwards from South Street to Green Street (S.).
SEAFORD ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1903. Seaford is a small town in Sussex near Newhaven.

SELBORNE ROAD (1904)

The roads to the north of the Old Park Estate, Selborne Road and the Mall, were not laid out until 1904, possibly because of the need to acquire additional land linking them to Cannons Hill. They were only partly developed by 1914.

SHIRLEY ROAD
The grounds of Shirley Lodge on Windmill Hill were sold for building in 1879 (A.C.). Plans for houses were submitted in 1880 (R.B. 13.5.1880). The road was made up in 1887 (R.B. 12.5.1887).

SILVER STREET

The earliest documentary evidence for settlement in Enfield Town is from 1267, where it is referred to as Enfield Green – the location now known as The Town. This triangular space led westwards from the Roman Ermine Street, thought to be on the line of the present-day Silver Street and London Road.

The 1754 Tithe Map and the 1806 Enclosure Award Map both show Silver Street as part of Baker Street. The name Silver Street was in use by 1826 (Pigot’s Directory). There is also a Silver Street in Edmonton. In 1572 Silver Street and the southern end of Baker Street went under the name of Parsonage Street.

SKETTY ROAD
Under construction in 1903. The first houses were occupied in 1904. Sketty is a suburb of Swansea.
SLADES HILL
Originally part of East Barnet Road. (See Enfield Road.) The present name was in use by 1874 (R.B. 15.5.1874). A farmer called John Slade lived here in 1851 (Ce.).

SMEATON ROAD

The principal approach to the Enfield Lock Conservation Area is from Smeaton Road, the new road which now links Island Village to the older Ordnance Road between Enfield Lock and Hertford Road.

SOHAM ROAD
A water main was laid in 1889 (R.B. 19.9.1889). The road is probably named after Soham, a small town in Cambridgeshire.

SOUTH ORDNANCE ROAD

South Ordnance Road, is lined by a succession of modern terraces and a much-altered late 19th century terrace of cottages next to the Greyhound public house.

SOUTH PLACE
A row of cottages formerly situated to the north of South Street. They suffered from bad drainage and overcrowding (G.B.H.).
SOUTH STREET
So-called on Morden’s Map of Middlesex (1695). It was called South Street in 1572 (S.).
SOUTHBURY ROAD
Previously known as Nags Head Lane from the former public house of that name in Enfield Town. The Enfield Local Board of Health re-named it Southbury Road 18th August 1882. (The name Southbury derives from a neighbouring field.) A minority on the Local Board wanted to call it Great Eastern Road. Prior to enclosure (1806) the road existed as two small lanes, one from Ponders End, one from Enfield Town. The two halves were not linked until after enclosure. The Enfield Town end was usually known as Nags Head Lane but was sometimes called Oldbury Lane (A.C.1787). The eastern end was known as Farm Lane (E.A. 1806). In 1572 the western end was called Bury Lane (S.).
SOUTHFIELD ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1905.
STAGG HILL
The name probably derives from a public house called the Bald Faced Stag in Cockfosters Road.
STANDARD ROAD
Plans for six cottages were submitted by the Standard Freehold Land Society in January 1886 (R.B. 29.1.1886). Later the same year builders were caught mixing mortar with sand scraped from the road (R.B. 23.10.1886).
STANLEY ROAD
Part of the Moat House Estate bought by the Conservative Land Society C.1854. The 1867 0.S. shows the road laid out but no houses built. The first houses were occupied in 1901. Stanley is the family name of the Earls of Derby. The 14th Earl of Derby was prime minister 1852, 1858-9 and 1866-8. See also Burleigh Road and Queens Road.
STANLEY STREET
A water main was laid in 1882 (R.B. 7.12.1882). The name possibly derives from Henry Morton Stanley who shot to public prominence in the eighteen-seventies after his successful expedition to find David Livingstone in Africa.

STATION PARADE (1933)

The arrival of the Underground in 1932-33, following the government sanctioning of the extension of the Piccadilly Line in 1930, generated a dramatic increase in speculative development. Southgate village had its centre re-modelled around the cylindrical station booking hall, with a paved concourse and a curved parade of shops and offices (Station Parade) enclosing the bus station to the west; balanced by a sinuous elongated traffic island to the east. All these were designed by Charles Holden, architect to London Underground. The new development and road layout removed a substantial group of buildings at the eastern end of Chase Side on its south side, the small triangular village green, and the east end of the grounds of The Lawns, a large house which had occupied the land south of Crown Lane. Crown Lane itself was re-routed to the south.

STATION ROAD
Part of the Shirley Lodge Estate. Plans for two houses were submitted in 1880 (R.B. 15.7.1880). The name reflects the proximity of the Great Northern Railway station on Windmill Hill. See also Shirley Road.
STERLING ROAD
Part of the Woodlands Estate, developed from 1883. It was originally known as Wellington Road, but acquired its present name in 1911.
STOCKINGSWATER LANE
So-called in 1754(T.M.). It is called Stocking Lane on Morden’s Map of Middlesex (1695). Stocking was the name of a field which lay to the south of the road (T.M.).
STRAYFIELD ROAD
So-called in 1806 (E.A.). In 1572 it was known as Moorhatch Gate Street (S.). Moorhatch was a former gate to Enfield Chase.
SUEZ ROAD
Plans for one cottage were deposited in 1886 (R.B. 29.1.1886). The Suez Canal was opened in 1869 and in 1875 a large block of shares in the concern were bought by the British government.
SUFFOLK ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1909.
SUTHERLAND ROAD
Probably built in the early eighteen-nineties. The road appears on the 1896 Ordnance Survey map.

SWAN AND PIKE ROAD

South from the lock bridge along Swan and Pike Road and then across via Swan and Pike Pool to the River Lea towpath, there are fine views along the Lea Navigation’s tree and bush-lined banks to Swan and Pike Wood and towards open fields and trees, although the pumping station on the northern edge of the King George V reservoir looms on the horizon, and pylons take giant careless strides across the landscape. This section offers contrasting experiences of long views close to smaller more intimate wooded prospects around the pool. The towpath opposite the depot site is one of the most lively locations in an often rather deserted conservation area, with views back to the lock edged by mature horse chestnut trees and across to the 19th century Lea Conservancy workshops and little Enfield Dock boat repair business, and plenty of narrow-boats and walkers enlivening the scene.

SWANSEA ROAD
Laid out by 1906. No houses were built until after World War I. See also Aberdare Road, Brecon Road and Glyn Road. SWIN’S ROW A row of cottages formerly standing off the west side of the Hertford Road north of the Bell (G.B.H.).
SYDNEY ROAD
The bulk of the road was laid out in 1853 as part of the Enfield New Town Development. (See Cecil Road.) The section adjoining the Town is rather older. It was known as Slaughterhouse Lane in 1850 (G.B.H.). A turning on the east side leading to the former Enfield Gas works (opened 1850) was known as Gas House Lane (R.B. 3.11.1865).

TENNISWOOD ROAD

This road is essentially a product of the nineteen-thirties. The first houses were occupied in 1935. However, the section east of Churchbury Lane follows the alignment of the former drive to Churchbury Farm. The section west of Churchbury Lane was known as Brewhouse Lane in 1806 (E.A.). (A brewery stood on the site of the western end of Canonbury Road.) After the building of Canonbury Road, Brewhouse Lane ceased to be of any importance as a link between Baker Street and Churchbury Lane and degenerated into a muddy cart track. In the nineteen-fifties it was known to Willow Estate residents as ‘the alleyway’. In 1966 after the building of houses, this section was made up and incorporated into Tenniswood Road.

The Chine, N21

THE MALL (1904)

One of the “Lakes Estate” roads laid out in 1904 by the British Land Company.

THEOBALDS PARK ROAD
So-called in 1806 (E.A.). Theobalds Park is situated at the northern end of the road.
TITCHFIELD ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1901.
TOTTERIDGE ROAD
Part of the Putney Lodge Estate, sold for building in 1867 (A.C.). It was partly built by 1871 (Ce.). A Totteridge House, standing in the Hertford Road, appears on the 1867 0.S.
THE TOWN
The present name was in use by 1754 (T.M.). In 1572 it was known as Enfield Grene (S.). The former green was progressively encroached upon and now the only surviving remnant is the small paved area surrounding the fountain.
TRINITY AVENUE
The first houses were occupied in 1907. It was originally known as St. James’ Road. Trinity College Cambridge are patrons of the living of Enfield.
TRINITY STREET
The first houses were occupied in 1903.

TURKEY STREET
Called Tuttle Street on Morden’s Map of Middlesex (1695) and Tuckey Street on Cary’s Map of Middlesex (1789). In 1572 it was known by its present name (S.).

For part of its length, Turkey Brook, from which the street takes its name, runs parallel to the road.

Turkey Street ran eastwards across open fields from the wooded hills around Forty Hill and Bull’s Cross to Hertford Road, and Turkey Street was a hamlet a short way from the main road.

UCKFIELD ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1903.

ULLSWATER ROAD (1902)

On the death of Robert Taylor in 1902, the Grovelands estate was put up for auction. Lot one comprised 130 acres described as “Old Park Estate” It was sold for £45,000 to the British Land Company, which laid out the roads between Alderman’s Hill and Fox Lane, and immediately sold the land on for building.

UPLANDS PARK ROAD
Plans for a house were deposited in 1884 (R.B. 3.7.1884). The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road partly built.

UPLANDS WAY

The area bounded by Uplands Way, Cadogan Gardens, Cheyne Walk and Landra Gardens. Also the area of The Chine, The Grangeway and Old Park Ridings across the railway was all built between 1910 and 1914.

VICTORIA ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1903. Queen Victoria died in 1901.
VIGA ROAD
Shown in outline on the 1914 0.S. It had not then been named.
VILLAGE ROAD
The Bush Hill Park Estate was sold for building in 1871 (A.C.). The first houses were offered for sale in 1878 (A.C.). The road was partly in Edmonton.
VINE LANE
A former cul-de-sac off the south side of Church Street, west of Sydney Road. Prior to 1632 a house called The Vine occupied the site of the Market Place. It was sometimes called Palace Lane (Ce. 1851). The site is now covered by Pearsons department store.
VIOLET AVENUE
Part of the Birkbeck Estate. It appears on an auctioneer’s plan of 1887.
WAGON ROAD
So-called on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map It is marked on the Enfield Chase Enclosure Map of 1777. It was sometimes known as Long Hill (R.B. 7.3.1876).
WALSINGHAM ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1910. The name is probably a continuation of the policy begun on the adjoining Enfield New Town development of naming the roads after Elizabethan worthies. See Cecil Road.
WALTON STREET
Part of the Laurel Bank Estate. The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows houses on the east side only.
WARWICK ROAD
Probably built in the early eighteen-sixties. It is marked on the 1867 0.S. Being very low-lying it suffered from drainage problems (R.B. 10.11.1871).

WATERFALL ROAD

Waterfall Road was originally a rural lane.

WAVERLEY ROAD
Part of the Old Park Estate developed from 1880. Plans for one house were deposited in 1883 (R.B. 17.3.1883). The name suggests that the developer must have been acquainted with the novels of Sir Walter Scott. See also Crescent Road and Old Park Road.

WELLINGTON PLACE
A group of cottages formerly situated to the south of Whitewebbs Lane. The cottages were of early 19th century date and were probably named after the Duke of Wellington.

WELLINGTON ROAD

Part of the Bush Hill Park Estate, sold for building in 1871 (A.C.). The first houses were offered for sale in 1878 (A.C.). The road was partly in Edmonton. It was probably named after the Duke of Wellington.

Wellington Road, forms a wide central spine,from which narrower side roads branch off, and gives the area an air of order and spaciousness.

Wellington Road is widened twice to form small circuses, one of which leads to Abbey Road. The other, half way down Wellington Road, was intended to lead to a road never actually constructed.

WESTMOOR ROAD
The first houses were occupied in 1906. The 1867 Ordnance Survey map shows a Westmoor House and a Westmoor Farm situated on the north side of Green Street.
WHARF ROAD
So-called in 1909. The name reflects the proximity of the Ponders End Wharf on the Lee Navigation. It was previously known as Mill Lane or Mill Road (R.B. 7.10.1870). It forms the approach to Ponders End Mill.
WHITEHOUSE LANE
Previously called Hawkings Lane (K.1903). It had acquired its present name by 1909.
WHITEWEBBS LANE
So-called in 1754 (T.M.). At that time only the eastern end of the road was in existence. Near the King and Tinker it terminated at a gate into Enfield Chase. The present name was in use in 1572 but, at the same time, part of the road went under the name of Romey Street.
WINDMILL HILL
So-called in 1851 (Ce.). The name is derived from the Windmill which stood at the junction of Old Park Road until its demolition in 1904.
WOODBINE GROVE
Part of the Birkbeck Estate. The road is marked on an auctioneer’s plan of 1887. Plans for one house were submitted in 1893 (R.B. 13.4.1893). The 1896 Ordnance Survey map shows the road partly built.
WOODLANDS ROAD
The Woodlands Estate was under construction by 1883 when some of the houses were discovered to have been jerry-built (R.B. 5.1.1883). The 1867 Ordnance Survey map shows a house called the Woodlands on the east side of Brigadier Hill.
WOODSIDE COTTAGES
A small group of cottages situated to the east of Cockfosters Road, north of the junction with Bramley Road. They appear on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map They were demolished 0.1935 and the site is now covered by a parade of shops.
WORLDS END LANE
Prior to 1934 this road was in Southgate (Edmonton before 1881), but the land on either side of it was in Enfield. In 1934 Worlds End Lane was transferred to Enfield and Southgate was compensated with a portion of Cockfosters. The name appears on the 1867 Ordnance Survey map The name is obviously an ironic allusion to its remote situation. See also Botany Bay.
YORK TERRACE
A water main was laid in 1888. It was originally known as York Crescent (R.B. 3.5.1888).

3 comments

    • Andrew Lewis on December 19, 2021 at 1:48 pm
    • Reply

    Hello
    Thank you very much for making the list of Ponders End & Enfield area Road names available, very interesting indeed.

    • Pauline Stone on January 21, 2022 at 2:02 pm
    • Reply

    Very interesting lived in Soham Road for 40 years

    • PAE on March 13, 2024 at 10:32 am
    • Reply

    Uvedale Road?

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